Chargeback

What Triggers A Credit Card Chargeback?

A credit card chargeback is triggered when a customer requests that their bank return the funds the used for a credit card purchase or when a customer’s bank detects some sort of a problem with a credit card transaction. Chargebacks occur most often when a consumer is unable to obtain a refund directly from a merchant from whom they have made a purchase. Since they can’t get the refund they want they ask their bank to forcibly take their money back from the merchant. Another way of looking at it is that a chargeback is, in effect, a forced refund, and one where the customer doesn’t necessarily have to give anything back to the merchant.

You might be wondering what’s the problem with chargebacks, other than not being paid for goods or services you’ve already delivered. The fact is, chargebacks are generally bad news for merchants as they incur fees that range between $20 and $100. Moreover, if a business has too many chargebacks as a percentage of their total transactions, their account can be shut down, or their per transaction costs may significantly increase.

Credit Card Chargeback Time Limits & Rules

Generally, consumers have to file their complaint / chargeback between 60 and 120 days from the time of their original purchase. After the chargeback request is filed the merchant will be notified and will have approximately 45 days to respond, if they wish to dispute the chargeback. These rules are set by the credit card processing companies and vary based on the card in question – be it a Visa, MasterCard, American Express or Discover card.

Once the merchant submits their response, the merchant’s bank will investigate the chargeback complaint and the merchant’s evidence and make a determination. If arbitration is deemed necessary, the entire process can take much longer.

What Happens With A Credit Card Chargeback?

Generally, consumers have to file their complaint / chargeback between 60 and 120 days from the time of their original purchase. After the chargeback request is filed the merchant will be notified and will have approximately 45 days to respond, if they wish to dispute the chargeback. These rules are set by the credit card processing companies and vary based on the card in question – be it a Visa, MasterCard, American Express or Discover card.

Once the merchant submits their response, the merchant’s bank will investigate the chargeback complaint and the merchant’s evidence and make a determination. If arbitration is deemed necessary, the entire process can take much longer.

These Are The Steps In The Chargeback Process
  • The consumer submits a complaint with their credit card issuing bank.

  • The consumer’s credit card issuing bank verifies whether the consumer’s dispute is valid. If the bank finds the consumer is at fault, the process ends here.

  • If the issuing bank believes that the merchant is at fault, the consumer is refunded their money, and the cardholder’s issuing bank initiates the chargeback process and contacts the merchant’s bank.

  • The merchant’s bank will verify the chargeback request and conduct their own investigation. The merchant will also now be notified that a chargeback is being processed.

At This Point One Of Two Things Can Happen
  • If the chargeback is deemed invalid by the merchant’s bank, the processor will contact the consumer’s bank and inform them of their findings. This happens very rarely.

  • If the chargeback is deemed valid by the merchant bank, the merchant will be asked to provide documentation so they can counterclaim the chargeback. If the merchant provides sufficient proof that they were in the right, the chargeback will be stricken from the record and the issuing bank will remove the funds from the cardholder’s account once again. Otherwise, the chargeback stays in place and the funds are removed from the merchant’s bank and an additional fee will be charged to the merchant.

How To Prevent Credit Card Chargeback
    • Obtain proper verification from your customer. Make sure they sign their receipts, and that the name of your business is legible on their bill.

 

    • Verify that the card they are using is not expired.

 

    • Follow proper PCI rules, and verify that the cardholder is actually who they say they are. This includes verifying the signature on the back of the card, and checking for identification when necessary.

 

    • Make sure your business adheres to current security standards, like EMV readers.

 

    • If possible, capture your customer’s signature digitally and have sales staff compare that signature to the one on the back of the customer’s card
      Do not accept credit cards with no signature on the back.

 

    • Make sure all of your employees who handle credit card payments adhere to these best practices.

 

Follow these links to get to Visa’s, Mastercard’s, American Express’, and Discover’s chargeback rules.

The fact is that any business that accepts credit card payments will have to deal with chargebacks from time to time. One way to avoid chargebacks is to understand why they occur in the first place, and then setting up policies that prevent these situations from arising at your business.. According to Visa, the most common chargeback reasons include:

  • A credit has not been processed when the customer expected it would be.

  • The merchandise ordered was never received.

  • A service was not performed as expected.

  • The customer did not make the purchase; it was fraudulent.

  • A credit card processing error occurred.

  • There were authorization issues.

Credit Card Chargeback Merchant Rights

Unfortunately, as a merchant, you don’t have many protections when it comes to fighting against chargebacks. Even if your store has a ‘no refund’ policy, the Fair Credit Billing Act allows consumers to file chargebacks. Despite that, it is advised that business owners clearly display their return policies and make consumers aware of their sales rules. This may become particularly relevant if a chargeback goes through an arbitration process.

By most accounts, banks tend to favor the cardholder over the merchant in most chargeback disputes. This is why it’s important for merchants to do everything in their power to have purchases and transactions well documented, and in strict accordance with the rules set forth by the card networks.

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